倍半萜 Sesquiterpene
精油化學
當額外的異戊二烯單元連接到單萜時，形成其他種類的萜烯。
倍半萜與單萜非常相似，除了一個額外的異戊二烯單元加入到它們的結構中，構成15個碳的鍵結。由於它們的分子量較高，倍半萜烯的揮發性低於單萜烯，因此在精油總體上較不普遍；然而，它們具有獨特的性質，使它們與單萜烯區別開來，並使它們成為精油協同作用的重要貢獻者。在精油中發現的常見倍半萜烯是雪松烯，薑油烯(zingiberene)，himachalene 和 胡蘿蔔素(caryophyllene)。
主要作用：
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Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and often have the molecular formula C15H24. Like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes may be acyclic or contain rings, including many unique combinations. Biochemical modifications such as oxidation or rearrangement produce the related sesquiterpenoids.[1]
Sesquiterpenes are found naturally in plants and insects, as semiochemicals, e.g. defensive agents or pheromones.
The reaction of geranyl pyrophosphate with isopentenyl pyrophosphate results in the 15-carbon farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes such as farnesene.
Cyclic sesquiterpenes are more common than cyclic monoterpenes because of the increased chain length and additional double bond in the sesquiterpene precursors. In addition to common six-membered ring systems such as is found in zingiberene (a constituent of the oil from ginger), cyclization of one end of the chain to the other end can lead to macrocyclic rings such as humulene.
The cadinenes contain two fused six-membered rings. Caryophyllene, a component of many essential oils such as clove oil, contains a nine-membered ring fused to a cyclobutane ring.
Vetivazulene and guaiazulene are aromatic bicyclic sesquiterpenoids.
With the addition of a third ring, the possible structures become increasingly varied. Examples include longifolene, copaene and the alcohol patchoulol.
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蓓半萜烯是非常安全的抗炎殺菌、刺激免疫的化學分子，老人小孩都能用，能舒緩神經系統達到安神鎮靜的效果。
蓓半萜烯排行榜：
- 紅檜Hong Kuai (台灣獨有種) >98%
- 北非雪松 Cedarwood 約98%
- 岩蘭草 Vetiver 97%
- 穗甘松 Spikenard 93%(此單方與花梨木因保育問題一同下架)
- 神聖檀香 Sandalwood 85%
- 黑胡椒 Black pepper 75%
- 廣藿香 Patchoul 71%
- 沒藥 Myrrh 62%
- 薑 Ginger 59%
- 乳香 Frankincense 8%