酚類 Phenols
精油化學
占星油樂園
酚是一種很特殊的精油成分，其特徵是與芳香苯環連接的醇基。
芳香環是具有三個雙鍵的六碳環結構。該環系統中的電子以 「共享」 碳原子的方式排列，使苯
具有獨特的特性，就像它具有電子過剩並產生其獨特的性質一樣。這種結構有助於酚的強大抗氧化性能以及許多其他有益的性質。苯酚成分非常有效，可能會對皮膚造成刺激。含酚量高的精油應在局部施用前稀釋。在精油中發現的常見酚類是百里香酚，香芹酚，丁子香酚和蒽醌。
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In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.
Phenols have distinct properties and are generally distinguished from other alcohols. They have higher acidities. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12). Loss of a hydrogen cation (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.