醇類 Alcohols
精油化學
占星油樂園
精油化學的下一層複雜性，便是向萜烯骨架中添加官能團。
非碳原子的加入，徹底改變萜烯的反應性與性質。
含氧基團是精油中最常見的官能團類型，與萜烯一樣，了解存在的不同類別的含氧化合物非常重要，因為每個類別都有其獨特的潛在健康益處。
含氧精油成分總是具有萜烯骨架，因此萜烯名稱仍然用於分類分子。例如，
- 如果加入醇基（一個氧和一個氫），單萜則被稱為單萜醇。
- 如果將酮基團（一個氧氣）加入倍半萜烯中，該分子將被歸類為倍半萜烯酮。
然而，在許多情況下，該分子具有唯一的單一名稱，並且省略了“單萜”或“酮”字。
精油最被廣泛研究和有價值的官能團是醇。
醇類是由氧和氫原子組成的基團（通常寫作-OH）。
有時，該基團可選地稱為羥基。識別這些分子的一個好方法是查看它們的科學名稱，通常以 “-ol”結尾。
醇類通常具有良好耐受的令人愉快的香氣。在精油中發現的常見醇包括：薄荷醇，芳樟醇和檀香醇。
主要健康影響：
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In chemistry, alcohol is an organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages. An important class of alcohols, of which methanol and ethanol are the simplest members, includes all compounds for which the general formula is CnH2n+1OH. Simple monoalcohols that are the subject of this article include primary (RCH2OH), secondary (R2CHOH) and tertiary (R3COH) alcohols.
The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the highest priority. When a higher priority group is present in the compound, the prefix hydroxy- is used in its IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-IUPAC names (such as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance is an alcohol. However, many substances that contain hydroxyl functional groups (particularly sugars, such as glucose and sucrose) have names which include neither the suffix -ol, nor the prefix hydroxy-.